sumerian,hungarian and mongolian (including avarian)

CONTENTS
Publisher’s preface...........................................................................................................III
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1
2. Sumerian-Hungarian-Mongolian etymologies...................................................................... 2
3. Sumerian, Hungarian and Avaric......................................................................................... 82
4. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 83
5. Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 84
About the author ..............................................................................................................85
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1. Introduction
It was only recently, after having finished my work on EDH-1, EDH-2, EDH-3 and EDH-4 (Tóth
2007), that I could get from Europe the very seldom booklet about Magyar-Mongolian comparison by
Szentkatolnai (1877) which is completely unavailable in the United States. In the Mongolian examples
in chapter 2, I will use the same orthography as Szentkatolnai (including “cz” for today Hungarian’s
“c”) did. Two additions of his etymologies are mine (“add. Tóth”), taken from Vietze (1981), because
the author obviously forgot them.
With Mongolian closely related is the question of the language of the Avars, perhaps also of the
Huns, Scythians, Medes, Parthians and other people, the origin of the Székely’s and generally the
questions if the languages of these peoples are also of Sumerian origin and if there is thus a continuity
of Hungarian presence in the Carpathian basin (cf. f. ex. Bobula 1966, spec. pp. 43ss.). We restrict
ourselves in the present study first to the proof that Mongolian is very closely related to Hungarian and
that both languages go back to Sumerian and second to show that Avaric was really – as already
postulated by Pray (1774) and von Klaproth (1831) – Mongolian or perhaps better Proto-Mongolian.
The following map (copyright: University of Graz, Institute for Linguistics) displays the actual
Mongolian territory:
Why did the Mongolians attack Hungary in the 13th century? Was it only because they were a people
of warriors or is there a connection with the many attacks that the Turks did a few centuries later? The
Mongolians conquered parts of China, the empires of the Choresmians, Tanguts, the biggest part of
Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe, in 1241 they reached Silesia and one year after even the
Adria. The Turks, after having conquered the Hungarians 1526 in Mohács, even went until Vienna (cf.
Weiers 2004). A short comparison between the Mongols and the Turks shows that they obviously tried
to regain lands that their forefathers once possessed. This is clear from their mythologies in which they
believed, since mythology played the role that history would play after. And the Carpathian basin
belonged to the territory both of the Mongols and of the Turks because Mongols, Turks and
Hungarians all originate from the Sumerians – as my extensive etymological lists in EDH-1 to EDH-4
as well as the work done by my “ancestors” clearly prove. In the following chapter, I will show the
amazingly high number of shared cognates between Sumerian, Hungarian and Mongolian and in the
subsequent chapter the common Sumerian-Hungarian-Avaric and Sumerian-Hungarian-Hunnic origin
of the few words that we know from the Avars and the Huns.
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2. Sumerian-Hungarian-Mongolian etymologies
1
a, az “that”
ŠL 480; Gost. 835; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. aš
Mongolian e-ne
2
Aba (proper name)
Gost. 902; Szentkatolnai, p. 1
Sum. Aba
Mongolian aba (?)
3
adni “to give”
ŠL 183; MSL III 202, 291; Gost. 305; Szentkatolnai, p. 1
Sum. ag, ang
Mongolian ata-ra-, acza-ra
4
ág “branch”
ŠL 334; Gost. 124; Szentkatolnai, p. 1
Sum. á
Mongolian angha, angi
5
agy “brain”
ŠL 412/2, 3; MSL III 120, 374; Gost. 211; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 1
Sum. ugu
Mongolian eki, ekin
6
akarni “to want”
ŠL 97; MSL III 291; Gost. 304, 433a, 685; Szentkatolnai, p. 1
Sum. ag, aka
Mongolian ekhere-
7
ál- “false”
ŠL 358/3, 4; Gost. 604; Szentkatolnai, p. 1
Sum. alam, alan
Mongolian al-da-gha
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8
alak “form”
ŠL 358/3, 4; Gost. 604; Szentkatolnai, p. xiii, 1
Sum. alam, alan
Mongolian ula, ola
9
alkotni “to form, to build”
ŠL 358/3, 4; Gost. 604; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 1
Sum. alam, alan
Mongolian ula, ola
10
állni “to stand”
ŠL 80; MSL III 176; Gost. 332, 874; add. by Tóth
Sum. gal, al
Mongolian eogsoh
11
anya “mother”
Gost. 436; Szentkatolnai, p. xii
Sum. ama
Mongolian eje
12
apa “father”
Gost. 434; Szentkatolnai, p. xii
Sum. ab, ab-ba
Mongolian aba
13
ár “flood”
ŠL 579; Gost. 37, 141; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. a, a-ma-ru
Mongolian üjer, üir
14
ár “price”
ŠL 401; 152b, c; Gost. 606; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. har(-ra)
Mongolian ara-
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15
Arad (place name)
MSL III 345; Gost. 519, 919; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. arad
Mongolian ara- (?)
16
áramolni “to stream”, áramolás “current”
Gost. 141; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. a-ma-ru
Mongolian ara-
17
árnyék “shadow”
ŠL 451; Gost. 284; Szentkatolnai, p. 13
Sum. ar
Mongolian aro
18
Árpád “proper name”
Gost. 905; Szentkatolnai, p. xv
Sum. A-a-ni-pad-da
Mongolian arbai (?)
19
ásni “to dig”, ásó “spade”
Gost. 639; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. al-zu
Mongolian ebsi-
20
asszony “woman”
ŠL 80; MSL III 176; Gost. 332, 457; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. gal, gašan
Mongolian khaton, egecsi-, ekhcsi-
21
átváltani “to change (money)”
LM 579; Gost. 933; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. a-bal
Mongolian ula-ri
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22
atya “father”
Gost. 435; Szentkatolnai, pp. xii, 2
Sum. ad, ad-da
Mongolian ecze-ge
23
bal “left”, balog “left-handed””
ŠL 9; 352a; MSL III 79/1; Gost. ad 288, 588; Szentkatolnai, p. 2
Sum. bal, ba
Mongolian szol-oghai “bal-og”
24
balta “axe”
Gost. 648; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 2
Sum. bal
Mongolian balta
25
be- “in (verbal prefix)”
ŠL 69; Gost. 366; Szentkatolnai, p. 3
Sum. be, bad
Mongolian elige “inner part = bels rész”
26
bekapni “to wolf down”
ŠL 36; Gost. 351; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. ku
Mongolian khab-, ab-
27
betérni “to stop off at”
ŠL 58; Gost. 298; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. kur9
Mongolian tére-
28
bika “bull”
ŠL 421/3, 6; Gost. 737; Szentkatolnai, p. xv
Sum. alim
Mongolian bukha
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29
bírni “to possess; to stand; to be able to”, bíró “judge”, bírság “fine”, birtok “property”
ŠL 11/2, 7; Gost. 495; Szentkatolnai, p. 3
Sum. bur
Mongolian bari-, beri-
30
bol, b l (elative suffix)
ŠL 9; MSL III 79/1; Gost. 288; Szentkatolnai, p. 3
Sum. bal
Mongolian el-ige
31
boldog, bódog “happy”
Gost. 132; Szentkatolnai, p. 4
Sum. ba-dug(-ga)
Mongolian öl-dzei, öl-dzöi
32
bor “wine”
ŠL 349/1, 2, 4; 349; Gost. 574, 711; Szentkatolnai, p. 15
Sum. bur
Mongolian boro-
33
borjú “calf”
Gost. 649; Szentkatolnai, p. xv
Sum. buru
Mongolian biraó, bürü
34
b r “skin”, b rönd “suitcase”
ŠL 74/58, 105; Gost. 205a, 206; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 4
Sum. bar, bár
Mongolian äri-sz, ari-szo
35
bú “grief, sorrow”, bús “sad”
ŠL 230/15, 16; Gost. 819; Szentkatolnai, p. 5
Sum. du
Mongolian bu-
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36
büdös “stinky”
ŠL 536; Gost. 115; Szentkatolnai, p. 5
Sum. bid3, be5, bi7
Mongolian bai, bäi
37
b z “to stink”
ŠL 483/15; 536; 511/12; Gost. 94, 115, 704; Szentkatolnai, p. 5
Sum. hab, bid3, be5, bi7
Mongolian bai, bäi
38
csacsi “fool”
ŠL 208; Gost. 752; Szentkatolnai, p. 5
Sum. anše
Mongolian czalcsi-
39
család “family”
ŠL 554; Gost. 444; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. sal, sal-la
Mongolian csólghan “gyülekezet”
40
csapni “to catch”
ŠL 68/13; Gost. 273; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 5
Sum. šub
Mongolian csap-
41
csata “battle”, csatolni “to tie up”
ŠL 549; Gost. 593; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. šudul, šudun
Mongolian sida, sada-
42
csekély “scarse”
ŠL 595; Gost. 545; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 6
Sum. gin
Mongolian czökhe-
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43
csel “ruse, trick”, cselekedni “to make, to do”
ŠL 152/4, 8; 44; Gost. 103, 241; Szentkatolnai, p. 5
Sum. sil5, šilig
Mongolian dzal (?)
44
csemege “delikatessen”
ŠL 215; Gost. 789; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. šem
Mongolian csömöge “walnut, peanut kernel = dió, mogyoró bele”
45
csendes “quiet”, csend “quietness”
ŠL 103a/3; 376; Gost. 63, 349; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. še12-me-(en), ten
Mongolian szem
46
csepp “drop”, csepegni “to drop”
Gost. 659; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. še x
Mongolian csib-
47
csere “exchange”, cserélni “to exchange”
ŠL 376; Gost. 347; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. gi4
Mongolian czara-
48
csiga “snail”; csigázni “to wind up, to lift”
ŠL 55; Gost. 742; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. šika
Mongolian czaghar-
49
csikarni “to pinch”
ŠL 112/148; Gost. 577; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. si-gar
Mongolian sikh-unu-
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50
csikorogni “to shriek”
ŠL 112/148; Gost. 577; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. si-gar
Mongolian sikh-unu-
51
csillag “star”, csillogni “to shine”
ŠL 381, 393; 231; 126/58; Gost. 91, 359, 360, 370; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. zalag, zal, zil(-la)
Mongolian gel-, gil-, csol-, csil-
52
csillapítani “to calm down”
ŠL 126/58; Gost. 370; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. zil(-la)
Mongolian ghilai-
53
csín “elegance”
ŠL 440; 468; Gost. 303, 573; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. dim, kug-dim
Mongolian si-me, csi-me
54
csinálni “to make, to do”
ŠL 440; Gost. 303; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. dim
Mongolian csi-na-
55
csinos “pretty”
ŠL 8; Gost. 160; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. šen
Mongolian csi-na- (?)
56
csíny “trick, prank”
ŠL 152/4, 8; Gost. 103; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. sil5
Mongolian csi-na (?)
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57
csípni “to pinch”
ŠL 68; Gost. 274; Szentkatolnai, p. 7
Sum. šib
Mongolian csim-
58
csomó “knot”
ŠL 126; 555/8; 319; Gost. 356, 609; Szentkatolnai, p. 7
Sum. šum, zum
Mongolian tam-, szom-, czom-
59
csonka “crippled”, csonkítani “to cripple”
ŠL 126; Gost. 356; Szentkatolnai, p. 7
Sum. šum
Mongolian dzemdek
60
csordulni “to flow over”
ŠL 491; Gost. 368; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. zar
Mongolian tergi-
61
cs “pipe”
Gost. 612; Szentkatolnai, p. 7
Sum. ...te
Mongolian czo
62
csök “penis (animal); knot”, csökevény “rest, remnant”
ŠL 201/2; Gost. 589; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 8
Sum. suh6
Mongolian odzogho
63
csökkenni “to diminish”, csökkenteni “to reduce”, csökni “to diminish”
ŠL 295; Gost. 322; Szentkatolnai, p. 6
Sum. sig
Mongolian czökhen
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64
csúcs “peak”
ŠL 354; Gost. 186, 516; Szentkatolnai, p. 8
Sum. šuš, šu-si
Mongolian czokczai, czokczo-
65
csúnya “ugly”
ŠL 126; 429; Gost. 356, 753; Szentkatolnai, p. 60
Sum. šum, sun-na
Mongolian dzung-
66
csurogni “to run, to flow”, csurranni “to flow slowly”
ŠL 101, 7; 491; Gost. 308, 368; Szentkatolnai, p. 7
Sum. šur, zar
Mongolian czor-gho
67
csüngeni, csüggenni “to depend”
ŠL 93/2; Gost. 795; Szentkatolnai, p. 8
Sum. šinig
Mongolian csögö-, czögö-
68
dagadni “to swell”, daganat “tumor”
Gost. 173; Szentkatolnai, p. 8
Sum. dugud
Mongolian deg-dei, teg-dei, dog-do-, dag-da
69
dal “song”, old dalu, dalolni, danolni “to sing”
ŠL 211; MSL III 323; Gost. 108, 517; Szentkatolnai, p. 8
Sum. tal, gala
Mongolian dao-n, dó-n, dó-la
70
darázs “wasp”
ŠL 400/4 (?); Gost. 745; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 9
Sum. giriš
Mongolian durakhi
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71
dél, delet “midday; south”
ŠL 74x; MSL 57/5; Gost. 62, 102; Szentkatolnai, p. 9
Sum. dal-la, dal, da-al
Mongolian düli
72
der “sunshine”
ŠL 536; Gost. 182; Szentkatolnai, p. 9
Sum. duru
Mongolian dergel
73
dicsérni, dücsérni “to praise”, dicséret “praise”
LM 480; ŠL 15; 338; Gost. 23, 295, 342; Szentkatolnai, p. 9
Sum. d-DIŠ, dug4, de
Mongolian dé-dsi-
74
dísz “decoration”
LM 480; Gost. 23; Szentkatolnai, p. 9
Sum. d-DIŠ
Mongolian dé-dsi-
75
dob “drum”
ŠL 138; Gost. 190; Szentkatolnai, pp. 9s.
Sum. dub
Mongolian daboszak
76
dobni “to throw”
ŠL 138; Gost. 340; Szentkatolnai, pp. 9s.
Sum. dub
Mongolian dab-
77
dolog “thing”, dolgozni “to work”
ŠL 278/3-5; MSL III 125/321; Gost. 130; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. galga
Mongolian tölö-
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78
domb “hill”, domború “vaulted”
ŠL 459; 400/2, 3; Gost. 61a, 228, 262; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. du6, dubur, du6, dul
Mongolian dobo, obo, bombor
79
dög “carrion”
LM 229; Gost. 500; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. tag
Mongolian takh, duk
80
dlni, dlni “to fall”
ŠL 89/2, 3, 8; 595/19; Gost. 262, 372, 623; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. du6, dul, tun, tu10, dun, tun
Mongolian tóli-
81
döngölni “to stamp out”
ŠL 224; Gost. 257, 717; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. dů, dumgal
Mongolian döng-
82
dönteni “to turn upside down; to decide”
ŠL 89/2, 3, 8; 595/19; Gost. 372, 623; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. tun, tu10, dun, tun
Mongolian döng-
83
dördülni “to thunder”
ŠL 10; Gost. 89; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. gir-gir(-ri)
Mongolian tür-
84
dörögni “to thunder”, dörgés “thunder”
ŠL 10; Gost. 89; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. gir-gir(-ri)
Mongolian tür-khi, tür-csi
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85
dúlni “to devastate”
ŠL 330/42b; 467; Gost. 261, 422; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. du14, dun
Mongolian döng-
86
duzzadni “to swell”, duzzasztani “to make swell”
ŠL 11/40; Gost. 260; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. du9
Mongolian dzudza-
87
dl “slope”
ŠL 459; Gost. 61a, 262; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. du6, dul
Mongolian döng-
88
e, ez “this”
Gost. 846; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. e
Mongolian e-ne
89
edény “pot”
ŠL 143; 168/8; Gost. 536, 670; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. dug-udul4, edin
Mongolian ete-
90
ég “heaven, sky”
ŠL 324; 381; 257; 251i; Gost. 8, 330; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. é, e8
Mongolian ék, egek
91
égni “to burn”
MSL III 202, 291; 381; 257; 251i; Gost. 305, 330; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. ag, ang, e8
Mongolian e-ge, é-
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92
ejteni “to drop”
ŠL 461; 308; Gost. 5, 188, 189, 429; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. ešemen, e
Mongolian oi-
93
egy, old ig “1”, egyenes “straight”, egyed “individual”, egyetem “university”
ŠL 85; Gost. 181, 823; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. gi-na, dil
Mongolian nége, néds, né (cf. né-hány)
94
ek, ak, ok (plural suffix)
ŠL 183; MSL III 202, 291; Gost. 305; Szentkatolnai, p. xviii
Sum. ag, ang
Mongolian –k, -gha, -ge
95
elcsípni “to catch”
ŠL 68; Gost. 274; Szentkatolnai, p. 7
Sum. šib
Mongolian csim-
96
eldlni “to turn upside down, to decide”
ŠL 89/2, 3, 8; Gost. 372; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. tun, tu10
Mongolian döng-
97
elég “enough”
MSL VI 59/99; Gost. 197; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. egir
Mongolian elbek
98
elfogyni “to run out”
ŠL 152/8; Gost. 403; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. ug9
Mongolian bütö-
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99
elhagyni “to leave”
Gost. 404; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. u-gu
Mongolian khaj-
100 elhúnyni “to pass away”
ŠL 536/39; Gost. 393; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. hun
Mongolian ani-
101 élni “to live”
ŠL 320; 80; MSL III 176; ŠL 320; Gost. 151, 332, 405, 874; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. il, gal, al
Mongolian öl, úl
102 eme “female”
Gost. 208; Szentkatolnai, pp. xii, 11
Sum. en-bar
Mongolian eme “woman (= n ), female animal (= n stény)”
103 emelni “to lift”
ŠL 433; Gost. 164, 401; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. nim
Mongolian om-oro
104 eml “breast, teat”
ŠL 134; Gost. 437; Szentkatolnai, pp. xii, 11
Sum. um(-u)
Mongolian eme “woman, female animal”
105 emse “sow”
ŠL 208; Gost. 752; Szentkatolnai, p. xii, 11
Sum. anše
Mongolian eme “woman, female animal”
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106 en-, ön- “self”
Gost. 812; Szentkatolnai, p. 38
Sum. ni
Mongolian in-
107 engedni “to let, to allow”
ŠL 183; MSL III 202, 291; Gost. 305; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. ag, ang
Mongolian eng-et
108 enyelegni “to flirt”
ŠL 32; Gost. 227; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 11
Sum. eme
Mongolian ini-je-
109 enyhe “mild, soft”, enyh “relief, comfort”
ŠL 399/7, 15; Gost. 56; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. im, em
Mongolian eng-khe
110 enyv “glue”
ŠL 399/7, 15; Gost. 56; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. im, em
Mongolian na-gha-
111 ép “intact, healthy”
ŠL 324; Gost. 8; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. é
Mongolian eb-
112 építeni “to build”, épülni “to get built”
ŠL 324; Gost. 8; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. é
Mongolian eb-
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113 érdem “merit”, érdemes “deserving”
ŠL 50; Gost. 493; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. er, eri, erum
Mongolian erdem
114 eredni “to arise”, eredet “origin”
ŠL 185; Gost. 237; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. ur7, ur6
Mongolian ur-gho-
115 érkezni “to arrive”
ŠL 232/4; Gost. 314; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. ir
Mongolian ire-, jire-, jere-
116 er “strength, force”
ŠL 50; 56, 5; Gost. 493, 802; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 11
Sum. er, eri, erum, uru
Mongolian er-, er-khe
117 érték “worth”
ŠL 50; Gost. 493; Szentkatolnai, p. 12
Sum. er, eri, erum
Mongolian örtök, örtek
118 esni “to fall”, esemény “event”, es “rain”
ŠL 461; 308; Gost. 5, 188, 429; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. ešemen, e
Mongolian oi-csi
119 ezer “1000”
Gost. 885; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. eš
Mongolian tümen
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120 fa “tree; wood”
ŠL 295, 1; 295/4, a-p; 565; Gost. 792; Szentkatolnai, p. 13
Sum. pa
Mongolian mo-d, mo-do (m- < fa =" Fenn." name="24">Page 24
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127 fel “up”
ŠL 13; Gost. 35; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. An
Mongolian eül-l-
128 fél (felet) “half”, felezni “to divide in half”
ŠL 589/27; 74/58, 105; 2/4, 12, 13; MSL V 10, 20; Gost. 67, 205a, 382, 384, 631, 862;
Szentkatolnai, p. 13
Sum. ha-la, bar, ba, hal, ba-ra
Mongolian bol-, óli-
129 feleség “wife”
ŠL 2/4, 12, 13; Gost. 384; Szentkatolnai, p. 13
Sum. hal
Mongolian bol-, óli-
130 félni “to be afraid”, félelem “fear”
ŠL 78; Gost. 892; Szentkatolnai, p. 13
Sum. hu-luh-ha
Mongolian bül-
131 félre “aloof”
Gost. 862; Szentkatolnai, p. 13
Sum. ba-ra
Mongolian bol-, óli-
132 fenn, fent “up”
ŠL 13; Gost. 35, 822; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. An, an
Mongolian eü-l-
133 férfi “man”
ŠL 50; Gost. 493; Szentkatolnai, pp. xii, 14
Sum. er, eri, erum
Mongolian ere
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134 férj “husband”
ŠL 50; Gost. 208, 493; Szentkatolnai, pp. xii, 14
Sum. en-bar, er, eri, erum
Mongolian ere
135 figyelni “to watch out”
ŠL 449; Gost. 217; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. igi
Mongolian üdze-
136 fogni “to seize”, fogadni “to receive”, foganni “to be expecting a baby”
ŠL 450; 78/3; 412; Gost. 364, 365, 381; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. pad, pag, ugu, ugun
Mongolian bogho-
137 fogyni “to diminish”
ŠL 69; 152/8; Gost. 363, 403; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. bad bis, ug9
Mongolian bütö
138 folyni “to flow”, folyó “river”
ŠL 2; 60; Gost. 68, 385, 555; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 15
Sum. hal, hal bis, pa6
Mongolian bu-l-ak
139 forogni “to turn around”, forgó “maelstrom”
ŠL 74/58, 105; Gost. 205a; Szentkatolnai, p. 15
Sum. bar
Mongolian or-csi-
140 f , fej “head”
ŠL 69; 295; 565; Gost. 514, 792; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. be, pa
Mongolian eü-le-, ó-le, ü-le
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141 f ni, f lni “to cook (v/i)”, f zni “to cook (v/t)”
ŠL 172; Gost. 350; Szentkatolnai, p. 15
Sum. bil
Mongolian boro-, boro-l
142 fúrni “to drill”
ŠL 511/11; 411/39, 40, 98; Gost. 665, 703, 710; Szentkatolnai, p. 15
Sum. bur, pu, bur(u)
Mongolian öröm
143 fül “ear”
Gost. 226; Szentkatolnai, p. 14
Sum. pi
Mongolian eü-l-
144 f zni “to fix”, füzet “exercise book”, f zfa “willow”
ŠL 318/28; Gost. 502; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 15
Sum. u-zug
Mongolian üdö-, üde- (f zni); uda “willow”
145 gatya “large farmer’s pants”
ŠL 90; MSL III 228; Gost. 525; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 61
Sum. gad(-a)
Mongolian köktö
146 gázolni “to wade; to run s.o. over”
ŠL 192; Gost. 290; Szentkatolnai, p. 15
Sum. gaz
Mongolian ghat-ol, get-öl-
147 gége “throat”
ŠL 106; Gost. 240; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 15
Sum. gu
Mongolian khüge-
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148 gerencsér, old gölöncsér “potter”
ŠL 46/4, 8; Gost. 542; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. šakir
Mongolian ghorondza
149 gerenda “beam”
ŠL 483/81; Gost. 611; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. girinnum
Mongolian khira
150 gím “hind”
ŠL 554; Gost. 439; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. geme
Mongolian gi
151 góc “center”
ŠL 295/a, b; 295/1a, c; Gost. 27; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. garsu, garza, kuš4
Mongolian ghao, ghó, ghú
152 gomb “button”, gomba “mushroom”
ŠL 362; 134, 11; Gost. 79, 80, 801; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. gam, um-dug4-ga
Mongolian khom-bi
153 gond “worry”, gondolni “to think”
ŠL 108/1; 106/11; MSL III 152/367; Gost. 82; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. gun
Mongolian ghomoda-
154 gödör “pit”
Gost. 661; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. kidar
Mongolian ghao, ghó, ghú
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155 g g “arrogance”, g gös “arrogant”
ŠL 427; 106; Gost. 49, 240; Szentkatolnai, p. 15
Sum. gíg, ge6, gu
Mongolian khüge-
156 gömb “ball, sphere”, gömböly “round as a ball”
ŠL 362; Gost. 79; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. gam
Mongolian bö-, böm-
157 görbe “crooked; curve”, görbíteni “to bend, to crook”, görbülni “to bend”
ŠL 333; 88; 67; Gost. 126, 161, 162, 283, 416; Szentkatolnai, p. 16
Sum. gar-ba, gub-ba, gib
Mongolian khor-boi-
158 görcs “knot”
ŠL 313/6; Gost. 548; Szentkatolnai, pp. 16s.
Sum. ge
Mongolian khor-, ghul-
159 gördülni “to roll (v/i)”
ŠL 483; Gost. 799; Szentkatolnai, pp. 16s.
Sum. girag
Mongolian khor-, ghul-
160 görgetni “to roll (v/t)”
ŠL 483; Gost. 799; Szentkatolnai, pp. 16s.
Sum. girag
Mongolian khor-, ghul-
161 göröngy “native soil”
ŠL 483; Gost. 798; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. girin
Mongolian khor-ghol
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162 guba “farmer’s coat”
Gost. 675; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 17
Sum. gubbu
Mongolian khuba
163 gubbasztani “to squat, to crouch”
ŠL 206; Gost. 265; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. gub
Mongolian ghupcsi-
164 gurulni “to roll (v/i)”
ŠL 111; Gost. 333; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. gur
Mongolian ghul-
165 gyakni, old “to sting with the corns”
ŠL 230; Gost. 582; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 17
Sum. gag
Mongolian deke-
166 gyékény “reed mace”
Gost. 785; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. gi-kid, gi-kin
Mongolian dsigeszen
167 gyenge “weak”
ŠL 15; 446; Gost. 145, 149; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. dim-ma, gig
Mongolian gen-dze
168 gyér “seldom”
Gost. 823; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. dil
Mongolian adair, szei-re
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169 gyere, jer “come (imperative 2nd pers. of sg.)”
ŠL 444; Gost. 231; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 25
Sum. gir
Mongolian ire-, jire-, jere-
170 gyors “quick, fast” ; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
ŠL 322/59; Gost. 505
Sum. guruš
Mongolian dzori-
171 gyökér “root”
201/2; Gost. 589; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. suh6
Mongolian i-dzagh-ór
172 gy zni “to win”, gy z “winner”
ŠL 296; 559; 296; Gost. 345, 510, 787; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. giš, giš-guza, isu
Mongolian csi-da-
173 gyújtani “to light”
ŠL 129 a/31 a/c; 371; Gost. 47b, 361; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. mul, mulu, ul-ul, gid(-da)
Mongolian du-ló-
174 gyula “vice king”
ŠL 559/13 a, c, d; Gost. 511, 907; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 17
Sum. gula
Mongolian dsila, dsola
175 gyulladni “to become inflamed”, gyúlni “to ignite”
ŠL 129 a/31 a/c; 371; Gost. 47b, 361; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. mul, mulu, ul-ul, gid(-da)
Mongolian du-ló-
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176 gyúrni “to knead”
ŠL 597; 46/4, 8; Gost. 336, 542; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. gar, ga-ga, šakir
Mongolian dzuu-ra-, dzú-ra-
177 gy jteni “to collect”
ŠL 173; 371; Gost. 200, 361; Szentkatolnai, p. 17
Sum. gibil, gid(-da)
Mongolian khüi-le
178 gy lni “to accumulate”
ŠL 173; Gost. 200; Szentkatolnai, pp. 17, 61
Sum. gibil
Mongolian khüi-le-
179 gyümölcs, old gimilsu “fruit”
ŠL 296/2-6; Gost. 786; Szentkatolnai, p. 18
Sum. giš
Mongolian dsimisz, dsimes
180 gy r “ring”
ŠL 401; Gost. 399, 605; Szentkatolnai, p. 18
Sum. hur, gur
Mongolian dürö, dürü
181 hab “foam”
ŠL 579; Gost. 38; Szentkatolnai, p. 18
Sum. a-ab-(ba)
Mongolian khab-
182 hadd! “let!”
Gost. 825; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. ga, ge, gu
Mongolian khai-
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183 hágó “path in the high mountains”
ŠL 230; Gost. 582; Szentkatolnai, p. 18
Sum. gag
Mongolian khang-
184 hagyni “to let”
Gost. 404; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. u-gu
Mongolian khai-
185 haj “hair”
ŠL 167; MSL 150/342; Gost. 220; Szentkatolnai, p. 18
Sum. ka + u
Mongolian ui-szo, üi-szü
186 haladni “to proceed”
ŠL 550; Gost. 99, 385; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. húl, hal bis
Mongolian kholo-
187 halál “death”
ŠL 317-2, 6; 316; 456; Gost. 31, 98; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. lú-alal, hul
Mongolian khali-
188 halni “to die”
ŠL 456; Gost. 98; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 19
Sum. hul
Mongolian khali-
189 hamar “quick, hurried”
Gost. 824; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. a-mar-u
Mongolian khomor-
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190 hamu “ashes”
ŠL 212; Gost. 198, 199; Szentkatolnai, p. 19
Sum. ukum, kum-ma
Mongolian ümü-
191 harag “anger”, haragszik “to be angry”
ŠL 22; Gost. 194; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. urgu
Mongolian khar-, khar-gisz-
192 háramolni “to fall to s.o.”, hárulni “to fall to s.o.”, hárítani “to divert, to deflect”
ŠL 401; 152 b, c; MSL V 9-1; Gost. 606; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. har(-ra)
Mongolian khari-
193 has “belly”
ŠL 190; Gost. 248; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 20
Sum. haš
Mongolian gesz, khoto, khodo
194 hasítani “to split”
ŠL 12; Gost. 270; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. haš
Mongolian khiacsi-, khaszo-
195 haszon “use, advantage”, hasznos “useful”
Gost. 144; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. á-áš
Mongolian akszon
196 hat “6”
ŠL 190; 598b; Gost. 248, 841; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. haš, aš, a-aš
Mongolian dzur-ghá, dsir-ghua-n
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197 hát “back”
ŠL 190; Gost. 248; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 20, 61
Sum. haš
Mongolian khoi-to
198 határ, old hudur “border”, határolni “to mark off”, határozni “to decide”
ŠL 96; Gost. 272, 491; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. kud, bulug
Mongolian khidzár
199 hatni “to have effect”
Gost. 272; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. kud
Mongolian khot-
200 hattyú “swan”
Gost. 732; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. ka-ku(-a)-hu
Mongolian khong-tai
201 ház “house”, háznép “one’s family”
ŠL 339; 233; Gost. 446, 452; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. ni(ri-a), ga
Mongolian khota, khoto-
202 hazudni “to tell a lie”, hazug “lying”
ŠL 318/28; Gost. 502; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. u-zug
Mongolian khadza-, ghadsi-
203 heged “violin”
Gost. 585; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. ne-gi-gi-du16
Mongolian jado-gha
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204 hegy “mountain”
ŠL 230; Gost. 582; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. gag
Mongolian okhi
205 hej! “hey!”
Gost. 825; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. ha,. he, hu
Mongolian hoj, oj
206 henger “cylinder”
ŠL 461; Gost. 620; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. ki-gar
Mongolian öm-göri-, ön-göri-
207 hiány “defect, fault”, hiba “fault”
ŠL 461; 86/58, 60; Gost. 40, 41; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. ki, ke, ri-ba-na
Mongolian khei, khí
208 híd “bridge”
ŠL 579; Gost. 54; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. íd
Mongolian kheü-r, khüü-r, khü-r-ge, ghúr
209 hideg “cold”
ŠL 97/21; Gost. 66; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 21
Sum. sid + ag
Mongolian khi-ten, khöi-ten
210 híg “thin, liquid”
ŠL 86/58, 60; Gost. 41; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. ri-ba-na
Mongolian singe
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211 hívni “to call”, h (hívet) “faithful”
ŠL152(4); MSL III 351; Gost. 518; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. ubara
Mongolian kh -
212 hold, hód “moon”
ŠL 550; Gost. 88; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. húl
Mongolian khoa, khó
213 holló “raven”
ŠL 78, 228; Gost. 754; Szentkatolnai, p. 30
Sum. hu
Mongolian khara
214 homok “sand”
LM 212; Gost. 61; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 21
Sum. ukum
Mongolian khomak
215 horog “crook”
UET 351; Gost. 533a, 605; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. ha-bur-da, hur
Mongolian oro-gha
216 horzsolni “to rub”
ŠL 12; Gost. 270; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. haš
Mongolian kharo-, khoro-
217 hosszú “long”
ŠL 211; Gost. 171; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. uš
Mongolian ghodz-oi-
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218 h , hév “heat”
ŠL 143; Gost. 106; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. he, he-gal, he-nun
Mongolian khö-
219 húnyni “to turn a blind eye”
ŠL 536/39; Gost. 393; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. hun
Mongolian ani-
220 húr “string, chord”, hurok “loop”
ŠL 401; Gost. 605; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. hur
Mongolian khor-
221 húzni “to pull”
LM 401; Gost. 398; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. hur
Mongolian uda-
222 h s, h vös “cool”
Gost. 66; Szentkatolnai, p. 21
Sum. sid
Mongolian khöi-
223 id “time; weather”
ŠL 381; 52; Gost. 42, 44; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. ud, ud-(d)a, itu
Mongolian düi, dö, e-dö, ö-dö
224 igaz “true”
ŠL 449; Gost. 217; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. igi
Mongolian ike, ikhe, jeke
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225 ige “word; verb”
ŠL 449; Gost. 217, 877; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 23
Sum. igi, i-ga, in-ga, an-ga
Mongolian ege, ogho, üge
226 igen “yes; very”
Gost. 878; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. igi-in, igi-en
Mongolian ike, ikhe, jeke
227 igézni “to enchant”, igézet “enchantment”
ŠL 449; Gost. 217; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. igi
Mongolian ege, ogho, üge
228 így “so, like that”
ŠL 449; Gost. 217; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. igi
Mongolian ei-, i-
229 illetni “to touch; to deserve”, illeték “duty, tax”, illeszteni “to fit into, to adapt”
ŠL 166/b; Gost. 508; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. illat (probably < name="39">Page 39
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232 inni, iszik, iv- “to drink”
ŠL 28; Gost. 319; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 24s.
Sum. im-ma
Mongolian ú-, ó-, úcsila-
233 iró “buttermilk”
ŠL 231; Gost. 556; Szentkatolnai, p. 24
Sum. i, ia
Mongolian air-
234 iszony “horror, disgust”
Gost. 741; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. ušum(-gal/-bašmu)
Mongolian isighon
235 itt “here”
Gost. 857; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. ta11
Mongolian e-
236 izzadni “to sweat”
ŠL 172; Gost. 450, 557; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. il, irig, ir
Mongolian iszo
237 izzani “to glow”, izzás “glowing”
ŠL 172; MSL IV 36/99; Gost. 191, 450; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. izi
Mongolian iszo
238 járni “to go; to come”
ŠL 444; 232/4; 401; 152b, c; Gost. 231, 314, 606; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 25
Sum. gir, ir, har(-ra)
Mongolian jár-, jaar-
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239 járulni “to step in front of s.o.”, járulék “appendix, supllement”
ŠL 401; 152b, c; Gost. 606; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. har(-ra)
Mongolian jár-, jaar-
240 jég “ice”
ŠL 551; Gost. 64; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. šeg9
Mongolian dsikhegö
241 jel “sign”
ŠL 142; Gost. 13; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. i(-a)
Mongolian jile, ile
242 jó “good”, jól “well”
ŠL 142; 396; Gost. 13, 146; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. i(-a), dug
Mongolian dzöb (Old Mongolian jöb)
243 jog “law”
ŠL 142; Gost. 13, 317; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. i(-a), i
Mongolian dzöb, jöb
244 jószag “cattle”
ŠL 142; Gost. 13; Szentkatolnai, pp. 25, xix
Sum. i(-a)
Mongolian jigöt, -sik
245 kábítani “to intoxicate”, kábulni “to be intoxicated”
ŠL 483/15; 511/12; Gost. 94, 704; Szentkatolnai, p. 25
Sum. maš, háb
Mongolian khob-i
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246 Kalán (place name)
Gost. 925; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 25
Sum. kal
Mongolian khal-bagha
247 kancsó “jug”, kanna “can”
ŠL 14/1; 367/15; Gost. 534; Szentkatolnai, p. 26
Sum. gan, giš-gan
Mongolian khom-kha
248 kapni “to receive; to catch”
ŠL 36; Gost. 351, 686; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 26
Sum. ku, ka
Mongolian khab-, ab-
249 kaptár “beehive”
Gost. 714; Szentkatolnai, p. 26
Sum. kabta
Mongolian khab-, ab-
250 kar “arm”
ŠL 322; 74/58, 105; MSL III 78/4, 79/1, 7; Gost. 152, 205, 522; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 26
Sum. kal, kalg, kůš, kur x
Mongolian ghar
251 kár “damage; a pity”
ŠL 60; 376/2, 3, 4, 8, etc. ; Gost. 122, 553; Szentkatolnai, p. 26
Sum. kúr, kar
Mongolian khiara-, kára-
252 karika “ring”
ŠL 60; Gost. 105; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. kur(-kur)
Mongolian gharikha
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253 karó “stake, post”
Gost. 554; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. kar bis
Mongolian soro, suro
254 kazal “haystack”
Gost. 645; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. gazigal
Mongolian khota-gha-la-
255 kebel “bosom”
ŠL 167; Gost. 202; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 27
Sum. gab(a)
Mongolian khebeli
256 kegy “favor”, kegyes “gracious, merciful”
ŠL 468; 41; Gost. 165, 572, 573; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. kug, ku-babbar, kug-dim
Mongolian khesik
257 kék “blue”
ŠL 591; Gost. 148a; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 27
Sum. gig
Mongolian khökhö, kökö
258 Kelen (place name)
ŠL 312; Gost. 489, 914; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. kalam, Kalam
Mongolian khö-l (?)
259 kelend “finding a ready market”
ŠL 322; Gost. 152; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. kal, kalg
Mongolian khö-l
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260 kelengye “dowry”
Gost. 490, 913; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. Ki-en-gi
Mongolian khul-du
261 kelni “to rise, to get up”
Gost. 428; Szentkatolnai, p. 27
Sum. kur
Mongolian khö-l
262 kém “spy”
ŠL 554; Gost. 439; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. geme
Mongolian khina-
263 kend “cloth”
Gost. 678; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. kandu (Akk.)
Mongolian khindsir, Tatar kinder (?)
264 ként, kép, képp(en) (formal suffix)
Gost. 863; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. gim, dim
Mongolian kheb
265 kép “picture”, képezni “to build, to form”
ŠL 440; Gost. 219, 931; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. ka, kim
Mongolian kheb
266 kerek “round”, kerék “wheel”
LM 129a; Gost. 142, 531; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. mul-giš-gigir, gigir
Mongolian khürdö
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267 kergetni “to chase”, kergülni “to get sick from turning quickly around”
LM 396; Gost. 430; Szentkatolnai, p. 28
Sum. hi-gar
Mongolian ghar-
268 kés “knife”
ŠL 296; Gost. 787; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 28
Sum. isu
Mongolian khito-
269 kész “ready”, készíteni “to prepare (v/t), to make ready”, készülni “to get ready, to prepare (v/i)”
ŠL 70/32; Gost. 432, 787; Szentkatolnai, pp. 28, 61
Sum. katu, isu (Akk.)
Mongolian güi-cze-, göi-cze-
270 két, kett “2”
ŠL 354/b; MSL III 139; Gost. 214, 252; Szentkatolnai, pp. xvi, 29
Sum. kad, kat4,5, ki-ši-ib
Mongolian khos, kha-, kho-, khoj-
271 kéve, kepe “sheaf”
ŠL 101/13; Gost. 643; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. ka-pa-lu (Akk.)
Mongolian khübe-
272 kéz “hand”
ŠL 354b; MSL III 139; ŠL 559; 296/2-6; Gost. 214, 251, 252, 510, 786; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 29
Sum. kad, kat4,5, giš, ki-ši-ib, giš-guza
Mongolian ges-iö
273 ki, kinn, kint “out, outside”
ŠL 461; Gost. 40; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. ki, ke
Mongolian gha-
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274 kiabálni “to shout”
ŠL 92x/23; Gost. 118; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. akkil
Mongolian khia-gla
275 kiáltani “to shout”
ŠL 92x/23; Gost. 118; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. akkil
Mongolian khia-gla
276 kicsi, kicsiny “small, little, tiny”
ŠL 281 a/1, 2; 290/2, 8; MSL III 249; Gost. 749; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. kiši, kišim
Mongolian khadsio-, dsidsi-
277 kiejteni “to drop out; to pronounce”
ŠL 308; Gost. 189, 429; Szentkatolnai, p. 11
Sum. e
Mongolian oi-
278 kígyó “snake”
ŠL 376; Gost. 347; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. gi4
Mongolian ghul-gho-
279 kilenc “9”
Gost. 844; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. ilimmu
Mongolian ji-sze, ki-r-en
280 kín “agony”
ŠL 538/10; MSL III 271; Gost. 499, 937; Szentkatolnai, p. 29
Sum. kin, kiĝ
Mongolian gene-
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281 komoly “serious, earnest”
MSL III 151/360; Gost. 184; Szentkatolnai, p. 30
Sum. galam
Mongolian gho-mor-
282 kor “age”, kor (temporal suffix)
ŠL 366; Gost. 120, 121, 428; Szentkatolnai, p. 30
Sum. kur, ku-ur
Mongolian khiri
283 kór “ill, sick”
ŠL 58, 60; Gost. 299; Szentkatolnai, p. 30
Sum. tur5 bis
Mongolian khór
284 korán “early”, koracs, old “adolescent”
ŠL 366; 322/59; Gost. 120, 505; Szentkatolnai, p. 30
Sum. kur, guruš
Mongolian khiri
285 korcs “hybrid”
ŠL 318/b; 214; Gost. 205, 719; Szentkatolnai, p. 30
Sum. kůš, kaš
Mongolian khor-si-
286 k (követ) “stone”, kövezni “to pave”
ŠL 366; 536; Gost. 121, 353http://igazsag.myip.hu/pdf/bjf_magharamagyar.pdf 30
Sum. kur, ku-ur, ku
Mongolian khada, kható
287 köhögni “to cough”
ŠL 392; MSL 79/12; Gost. 246; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. uh-luh
Mongolian khek-si-
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288 könny “light, easy”
ŠL 595; Gost. 545; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. gin
Mongolian khöngön
289 köpni “to spit”
Gost. 757; Szentkatolnai, p. 31
Sum. uh
Mongolian böge- (cf. Hung. pökni)
290 köpülni “to make butter”, köp “butter barrel”
Gost. 420; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 31
Sum. gub
Mongolian khob-do
291 kör “circle”
ŠL 60/33; 111; Gost. 105, 333; Szentkatolnai, p. 31
Sum. kur(-kur), gur
Mongolian khür-
292 kösönty “bracelet, necklace”
ŠL 468; Gost. 571; Szentkatolnai, p. 31
Sum. guš-kin
Mongolian khü-dzöpcsi
293 köszönni “to greet, to welcome; to thank”, köszönteni “to welcome”
ŠL 559; Gost. 510; Szentkatolnai, p. 31
Sum. guza
Mongolian khüsze-
294 kötni “to bind”, kötözni “to tie up”
ŠL 354/b; MSL III 139; 132/26; Gost. 214, 252, 279, 281; Szentkatolnai, p. 31
Sum. kad, kat4,5, ki-ši-ib, kad, kešda
Sum. khü-
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295 köz, old küzü “spot, place; community”, közel “near”, közép “middle”, közös “common”
ŠL 425; 296/2-6; Gost. 504, 786; Szentkatolnai, p. 31
Sum. kiši, keš, giš
Mongolian khöi-szö
296 küldeni, külgeni “to send”
ŠL 538/10; MSL III 271; Gost. 499, 937; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. kin, kiĝ
Mongolian eil-
297 küszöb, old kézöb “threshold”
ŠL 314; 142; Gost. 532, 533, 886; Szentkatolnai, p. 32
Sum. kišib, idib, i-dib
Mongolian khaczapcsi
298 küzdeni “to fight”
Gost. 281; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 32
Sum. kešda
Mongolian khücze-
299 láb “leg, foot”
Gost. 254; Szentkatolnai, p. 32
Sum. lah4
Mongolian jabo-
300 lebbencs “Fleckerl (pasta strips for bouillon)”
LM 424; Gost. 244; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. lipiš
Mongolian deb-
301 legény “boy, lad, fellow”
ŠL 458; Gost. 506; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
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302 lélek “breathsoul (vs. bodysoul)”, lélegezni “to breathe”, lelkes “inspired, fiery”
ŠL 313; 330; Gost. 69, 447; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. líl, lu
Mongolian üli-je
303 lelni “to meet, to find”
ŠL 481; Gost. 335; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. lal
Mongolian ol-
304 lép “honeycomb”
ŠL 109; Gost. 713; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. lal
Mongolian lab
305 lökni “to push”
ŠL 206/13, 16; Gost. 254, 326; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. lah4
Mongolian lok-
306 macska “cat”
ŠL 76; 74; Gost. 728; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 33
Sum. maš-da
Mongolian mi, misz, mighoi
307 mag “seed”, magzat “embryo”
ŠL 567/4; 81; 33/2; Gost. 243, 346, 400, 810; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. mud, ma5, mu
Mongolian mögö-, mogho-
308 magas “high”, magasztos “sublime, grand”
Gost. 163; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. mah
Mongolian makta-
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309 manó “goblin”
Gost. 664; Szentkatolnai, p. 33
Sum. ma-na
Mongolian mani
310 mány, mény (collective suffix)
ŠL 471; 570; Gost. 836; Szentkatolnai, pp. xviiis.
Sum. min, man
Mongolian –mal, -mel
311 marha “bull”
ŠL 420/2; Gost. 723; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. ama-arhu
Mongolian baragha
312 más “other”, másik “the other one”, másítani “to amend”, második “second”, másolni “to copy”
ŠL 74; MSL VI 48, 55; ŠL 76; Gost. 12, 94a, 632, 727, 864; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. maš, máš, -meš, me-eš
Mongolian buszo, bisi
313 meg- (aoristic verbal prefix)
Gost. 448, 859; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. mu-lu, mu
Mongolian mökhö-, mokho-
314 még “still”
LM 433; Gost. 778; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. nim bis
Mongolian mökhö-, mokho- (?)
315 megye “government district”
ŠL 342; 335; Gost. 503; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 34
Sum. ma-a, ma-da
Mongolian modsi
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316 méh “womb”
ŠL 554; Gost. 239, 441; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. mi
Mongolian omai, omaé
317 meleg “warm”
ŠL 322/35d; Gost. 19, 129; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 34
Sum. dingir Lamma, mu-lam, me-lam
Mongolian bül-i-ge
318 mély “deep”
ŠL 122; 433/9; Gost. 14, 568, 669, 777; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. me, má(-a), meli, nim
Mongolian ibil-
319 menny “heaven, sky”
ŠL 95; 433/16, 8; MSL III 151/354, 433/2, 9; Gost. 84, 90, 164, 401, 777; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. mun, nim-gír, nim
Mongolian möng-khe
320 mennydörgés “thunder”
ŠL 433; Gost. 90; Szentkatolnai, pp. 35, 10
Sum. nim-gír
Mongolian möng-khe, tür-khi, tür-csi
321 meredek “steep”
ŠL 337/5, 13; Gost. 567; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. murub4
Mongolian berbe-
322 merev “stiff, rigid”, mer “stiff, rigid”, mer leges “vertical”
ŠL 337/5, 13; Gost. 567; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. murub4
Mongolian berbe-
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323 mez “cover, clothes”
ŠL 532; Gost. 615; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. me-te
Mongolian büsze
324 mi “we”
Gost. 814; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. me-
Mongolian bi-de
325 mi? “what?”
ŠL 70a; 61; Gost. 816, 818, 867; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. mi, a-ba11
Mongolian jú-ma
326 mi, ami “what”
Gost. 815, 817; Szentkatolnai, p. 34
Sum. bi, a-ba
Mongolian jú-ma
327 mony “egg; testicles”
ŠL 95; 394/6, 7; Gost. 84, 771; Szentkatolnai, pp. 34s.
Sum. mun, nunuz
Mongolian mun-, mon-
328 mosolyogni “to smile”
ŠL 102, 103; Gost. 229; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 35
Sum. muš
Mongolian mösi-je-
329 múlni “to pass (time)”
ŠL 129a; Gost. 47a; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. mul, mulu
Mongolian ila-, ulam
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330 nád “reed”
Gost. 585
Sum. ne-gi-gi-du16
331 nagy “big”
ŠL 72; 87/1; 168; Gost. 154, 167, 168, 169, 170; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 35
Sum. nu5(..g), (nu-)g, nun, nu5, na, nad
Mongolian neng
332 nap “day; sun”
ŠL 129/2; Gost. 48; add. by Tóth
Sum. nap, nab
Mongolian nap
333 nedv, ned “juice, moisture, wetness”, nedves “wet, moist”
ŠL 35; Gost. 318; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. nag
Mongolian noi-ta-t
334 négy “4”, negyven “40”
Gost. 839; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. limmu
Mongolian dö-r-öb, dö, dü (Manchu de-khi)
335 nem “sex, gender”, nemes “noble”
ŠL 79/9; Gost. 57; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. nam
Mongolian nam
336 nemez “felt”
ŠL 79, 211; Gost. 598; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 35
Sum. uš
Mongolian nem-, nem-ör
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337 nemt “guardian angel”
Gost. 899; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. Nin-ti
Mongolian nam
338 nemzeni “to produce”
ŠL 394/6, 7; Gost. 771; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. nunuz
Mongolian nam
339 néne “older sister”, néni “aunt”
ŠL 556; MSL V 126/340; Gost. 442; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. nin
Mongolian nem-
340 név “name”
ŠL 61; Gost. 46; add. by Tóth
Sum. mu
Mongolian ner
341 nézni “to see, to watch”
ŠL 399; Gost. 138, 848; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. ni, ne
Mongolian nidö, nüde
342 n “woman”
ŠL 75/1, 19, 81, 90; Gost. 470, 771; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. nu, nunuz
Mongolian naidsi, näidsi
343 n ni, növ- “to grow”, növelni “to increase, to augment”, növény “plant”
ŠL 72; Gost. 387, 700, 771; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. na-na(-am), nu5, nunuz
Mongolian nem-
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344 nyáj “herd, flock”
ŠL 339; Gost. 446; Szentkatolnai, p. 35
Sum. ni(ri-a)
Mongolian nei
345 nyelni “to swallow”, nyelv “tongue; language”
ŠL 32; Gost. 227; Szentkatolnai, p. 36
Sum. eme
Mongolian khele (cf. Fenn. kieli)
346 nyolc “8”
ŠL 598d; Gost. 843; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. ussu
Mongolian naj-ma-n
347 nyom “trace”, nyomás “pressure”, nyomni “to press”
ŠL 79; MSL III 101/65, IV 125ss. ; Gost. 59; Szentkatolnai, p. 36
Sum. nam(tar)
Mongolian dsim
348 nyugodni, nyugszik “to rest”, nyugat “west”
ŠL 431; Gost. 411; Szentkatolnai, p. 36
Sum. nud, nad, na
Mongolian nokho-
349 nyüg “load, burden”
ŠL 597; Gost. 74; Szentkatolnai, p. 36
Sum. níg
Mongolian nyik, nik
350 ok “reason, cause”, okozni “to cause”
ŠL 97; MSL III 291; Gost. 304; Szentkatolnai, p. 37
Sum. ag
Mongolian uk
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351 okos “bright, clever”
ŠL Gost. 911; Szentkatolnai, p. 37
Sum. Ukuš
Mongolian uk
352 om, am, em, ém (possessive suffix)
ŠL 233; Gost. 811; Szentkatolnai, p. xviii
Sum. ĝa-e
Mongolian –om, -öm, -um
353 ordas “wolf, Isegrim”
Gost. 735; Szentkatolnai, p. 37
Sum. 735
Mongolian börte
354 oroszlán “lion”
Gost. 735; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 37
Sum. ur-mah
Mongolian arszlan, arszalan
355 orr “nose”
ŠL 575/3; III 132/6; Gost. 481, 734; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 37
Sum. ur, ur-saĝ
Mongolian ar
356 ország, old uru-zag “land, state”
ŠL 332/19; 38; 332; 401; Gost. 81, 478, 480; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 37
Sum. zag, uru + zag, hursag, harsag
Mongolian or-on
357 ott “there”
Gost. 857; Szentkatolnai, p. 10
Sum. ta11
Mongolian e-
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358 öböl “bay”
ŠL 420; Gost. 55, 722; Szentkatolnai, p. 38
Sum. ub, ab
Mongolian öbör, ebör
359 ölni “to kill”
ŠL 354; Gost. 371; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 38
Sum. ul7
Mongolian ala-
360 ömölni “to flow, to stream”
Gost. 343; Szentkatolnai, p. 37
Sum. umun
Mongolian un-
361 ön “himself”
ŠL 99; Gost. 9; Szentkatolnai, p. 38
Sum. en
Mongolian in-
362 önteni, old ömönteni “to pour”
Gost. 343; Szentkatolnai, p. 37
Sum. umun
Mongolian un-
363
r “guard”, rs “guarding place”, rizni “to guard”, rszem “guarding place”
ŠL 401/99; 80; MSL III 176; ŠL 331; 393; 575/2, 3; Gost. 33, 332, 395, 494, 734; Szentkatolnai,
p. 61
Sum. ur5-úš, gál, urů, erim, ur
Mongolian oir-, öir-, ör-
364 öreg “old”, örök “eternal”, örökség “heritage”
MSL VI 59/99; 209; Gost. 197, 247; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, xxi, 38
Sum. egir
Mongolian öri, ür-gü-, er-gi-
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365
rölni “to grind”, rl “grinding stone”
ŠL 401; MSL III 3; Gost. 286, 633, 634; Szentkatolnai, pp. xxi, 38
Sum. ŕra, a-ra, ur x
Mongolian üir-, er-, khüir-
366 örülni “to enjoy”, öröm “joy”
ŠL 451; 56; Gost. 284, 396; Szentkatolnai, p. 39
Sum. ar, úru
Mongolian dsir-
367 örvény “maelstrom”
ŠL 456; Gost. 97; Szentkatolnai, pp. xxi, 24
Sum. urú
Mongolian er-gi-
368
s, old üs, is “ancestor”
ŠL 69; 480; Gost. 112, 835; Szentkatolnai, p. 24
Sum. uš2, aš
Mongolian esi, isi
369 össze “together”
ŠL 211; Gost. 827, 865; Szentkatolnai, p. 24
Sum. uš-sa, eš
Mongolian csu-, csi-
370 öt “5”
Gost. 840; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. ia, id
Mongolian tab-on, teb
371 öv “belt”
ŠL 420; Gost. 55, 722; Szentkatolnai, p. 37
Sum. ub, ab
Mongolian obai- (?)
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372 özön “flood”
ŠL 152/2; Gost. 4; Szentkatolnai, p. 39
Sum. ezen
Mongolian ösz-
373 peregni “to spin (round)”
ŠL 352a; Gost. 588; Szentkatolnai, p. xxi
Sum. balag
Mongolian or-csi-
374 petty “dot, spot”
ŠL 346/1; Gost. 758; Szentkatolnai, p. 39
Sum. peš
Mongolian beder, bider
375 piros “red”; pirítani “to roast”
ŠL 113; Gost. 177; Szentkatolnai, pp. 39, 58
Sum. si4
Mongolian khirán, er-, ör-, ür-
376 por “dust”
ŠL 381; Gost. 706; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 39
Sum. par, za-par
Mongolian tor
377 pökni “to spit”
Gost. 757; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. uh
Mongolian bög-eldsi-
378 rá- “on top of (verbal prefix)”
Gost. 852; Szentkatolnai, p. 40
Sum. ra
Mongolian ra, re
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379 ra, re (sublative suffix)
Gost. 852; Szentkatolnai, p. 40
Sum. ra
Mongolian ra, re
380 rakni “to put”, rakodni “to load, to ship, to reload”
Gost. 264, 344, 369; Szentkatolnai, p. 40
Sum. ra (+ ag)
Mongolian orkhi-
381 rém “horror; ghost”, rémülni “to get scared”
ŠL 482/2, 3; Gost. 93; Szentkatolnai, p. 40
Sum. rim
Mongolian oro-, erem-
382 rész “part”
ŠL 377/3; Gost. 85; Szentkatolnai, p. 40
Sum. liš
Mongolian örö-
383 réz “copper”
ŠL 377/3; Gost. 85; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 40
Sum. liš
Mongolian dzesz, zesz
384 ról, r l (delative suffix)
Gost. 853; Szentkatolnai, p. 40
Sum. ra11
Mongolian ra-, re-
385 rom “ruin”, rombolni “to destroy”, romlani, romolni “to spoil, to get broken”, rontani “to spoil,
to damage”
LM 565; ŠL 565; Gost. 135, 292, 344; Szentkatolnai, p. 41
Sum. gum, hum, ra
Mongolian uro-
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386 rossz “bad”
LM 565; ŠL 402/1; Gost. 135, 158; Szentkatolnai, p. 41
Sum. gum, hum, huš, ruš
Mongolian uróda
387 rúgni “to kick s.o.”
ŠL 441; 86; Gost. 259, 294, 344, 418; Szentkatolnai, p. 41
Sum. ru5, ri, re, ra
Mongolian urgho- (?)
388 ság, ség, seg “hill” (in place names)
Gost. 924; Szentkatolnai, p. xix
Sum. šag
Mongolian -sik
389 sár “dirt, mud”
ŠL 212; Gost. 60; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, xvi, 41
Sum. sahar
Mongolian sara, sabar
390 sárga “yellow”
MSL III 127/362; Gost. 176; Szentkatolnai, p. xv
Sum. sig7
Mongolian sargha, sara
391 sarló “sickle”
Gost. 880; Szentkatolnai, p. 41
Sum. šarur
Mongolian sal-
392 Sarudhalom (place name)
Gost. 923; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, xvi, 41
Sum. Šu-ru-ud-hu-um-ki
Mongolian sara, sabar (?)
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393 sereg “army”
ŠL 396/15; Gost. 512, 513; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. šar, šargeš
Mongolian czerek, szürög
394 sérteni “to hurt; to insult”, sérülni “to hurt o.s.”
ŠL 371/10; Gost. 389; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. sír
Mongolian sirkha-, sir-
395 sertés “pig”, serte, sörte “bristle”
ŠL 53; Gost. 760; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. šah
Mongolian sirkhek
396 sietni “to hurry”
ŠL 449, 381; Gost. 427, 871; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. ši-ed, ši
Mongolian sim-ta-, sighot, siot
397 sík “even, flat”
ŠL 692; Gost. 147; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. sig
Mongolian csikhi
398 silány “bad”
Gost. 725; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. sila
Mongolian sil-i-
399 sima “even, flat”
ŠL 457; Gost. 201; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. silim
Mongolian csi-
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400 síp “whistle”, sípos “whistler”
ŠL 395; Gost. 543; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. zib, sip, šip
Mongolian dsi-m-bor
401 só “salt”
ŠL 229; Gost. 123; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 42
Sum. za
Mongolian só, sao
402 sok “many, much”
ŠL 7, 2, 3, 17; Gost. 461; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 42
Sum. su
Mongolian czuk
403 suba “sheep fur”
Gost. 676; Szentkatolnai, p. 43
Sum. subatu (Akk.)
Mongolian szuba, czuba
404 sunyi “crawling”
ŠL 126; Gost. 356; Szentkatolnai, p. 22
Sum. šum
Mongolian ani-
405 súrolni “to scour, to scrab”
ŠL 255; 354; Gost. 415, 592; Szentkatolnai, p. 43
Sum. šu ... ur, šu-i(-a)
Mongolian szür-, sür-
406 sülni “to get roasted”, sütni “to roast”
ŠL 469; Gost. 693; Szentkatolnai, p. 43
Sum. kurum6
Mongolian si-, si-ta-, sa-, sa-ta
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407 süllyedni “to sink”
Gost. 894; Szentkatolnai, p. 42
Sum. su-su
Mongolian sig-
408 s r “dense”
Gost. 185; Szentkatolnai, p. 43
Sum. sir
Mongolian sürü-, sir-
409 szablya “saber”
MSL V 372; Gost. 625; Szentkatolnai, p. 44
Sum. zu-bu
Mongolian dzab- (?)
410 szabni “to cut out, to tailor to”
ŠL 295k; Gost. 273a; Szentkatolnai, p. 44
Sum. šab
Mongolian dzab-
411 száj “mouth”
ŠL 82/3; Gost. 221, 311; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. su, sa4
Mongolian dzá-
412 szakáll “beard”
ŠL 396; Gost. 233; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 45
Sum. dug
Mongolian szakhal
413 szakítani “to tear (v/t), to pick”, szakadni “to tear (v/i)”
ŠL 102; Gost. 323; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. suh
Mongolian sigho-
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414 szál “thread”
MSL III 185; Gost. 529; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. sa-a
Mongolian dzal
415 szállni “to fly; to stay (in a hotel)”
ŠL 86/41; Gost. 386; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. dal
Mongolian dzal-
416 szám “number”, számolni “to calculate”
ŠL 187; MSL III 201; V 31, 217; Gost. 563; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. šam
Mongolian lham-
417 szánni “to dedicate”
ŠL 164; Gost. 377; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. sum, sun
Mongolian czana
418 szántani “to plow”, szán “sledge”
Gost. 641; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. sun
Mongolian szana
419 szaporodni “to reproduce”
ŠL 7, 2, 3, 17; Gost. 461; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. su
Mongolian czob-
420 szarv, szaru “horn (animal)”; szarvas “stag”
ŠL 112, 441; MSL III 175; Gost. 767; Szentkatolnai, p. 46
Sum. si
Mongolian szór
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421 szedni “to pick (fruit, etc.)”
ŠL 332/19; 314-17; Gost. 81, 406, 560; Szentkatolnai, p. 46
Sum. zag, šita5
Mongolian sze-, te-
422 szeg, szög “corner, angle”, szegély “rim, border”, szegés “seam”, szeglet, szöglet “corner, angle”,
szegni, old “to hem; to cut in; to break one’s word”, szeg dni “to serve; to join”
ŠL 332/19; 84; 567; UET 333, 361; MSL V 234; Gost. 81, 321, 546, 596b, 629; Szentkatolnai, pp.
46, 59
Sum. zag, zig, sig4, siga, si-gi4-da, sag
Mongolian dzagha, dzakha, dzük
423 Szeged (place name), sziget “island”
Gost. 928; Szentkatolnai, pp. 46, 59
Sum. sag-ud-da
Mongolian dzagha, dzakha, dzük
424 szegény “poor”
ŠL 692; Gost. 147; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sig
Mongolian csikhi-
425 szegy, szügy “brisket”
ŠL 384; MSL III 134; Gost. 209; Szentkatolnai, p. 46
Sum. šag
Mongolian czege-
426 szégyen “shame”, szégyenkezni, szégyelleni “to be ashamed”
ŠL 461; Gost. 148; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sikil, ki-sikil
Mongolian szundsi-
427 szék “seat, stool”
Gost. 210; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sag, šaĝ
Mongolian szeükhe
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428 szél “border, edge”, széles “wide, broad”
Gost. 143, 180, 497; Szentkatolnai, p. xvi
Sum. sal-la, sal, sil, sila
Mongolian szalkhi
429 szél “wind”
MSL V 74/306; Gost. 21, 192; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. d-Zalam, sig-sig
Mongolian szal-, szäl-
430 szelni “to cut off”, szelet “schnitzel; slice”
ŠL 12; Gost. 269; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sil
Mongolian shil-, szeil-
431 szem “eye”
ŠL 449; 367; Gost. 218, 691; Szentkatolnai, p. xiii, 47
Sum. ši, še
Mongolian csim
432 szemelni “to select, to sort”
ŠL 79, 11; Gost. 402; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sim
Mongolian csim (?)
433 szemét “garbage”
SL 536/64 ss.; Gost. 114; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. še
Mongolian szeb-
434 szemölcs “wart”
Gost. 475; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. samag
Mongolian csim (?)
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435 szép “beautiful, handsome”
MSL III 127, 361; Gost. 175; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sa-a
Mongolian czeb-
436 szepegni “to act timidly”
ŠL 26; Gost. 376; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sub
Mongolian csim-
437 szer “means”, szerelni “to mount, to install”, szerezni “to acquire”, szerszám “tool”
ŠL 112; 152; 57; Gost. 378, 414, 498; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, xiv, 47
Sum. si-sa, šer, esir
Mongolian zer-, dzer-
438 szer, szor “-times”
Gost. 891; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. še
Mongolian zer-, dzer- (?)
439 szeretni “to love”, szerelem “love”
ŠL 437/3; Gost. 374; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. zur
Mongolian szer-el-
440 szét- “apart (verbal prefix)”
ŠL 373; Gost. 179, 820; Szentkatolnai, p. 45
Sum. sud, sud(-da)
Mongolian szar-ta, szan-ta-ra (szana-szét)
441 szíj “strap”
ŠL 112, 441; MSL III 175; Gost. 636, 767; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 47
Sum. a-si, si
Mongolian szur
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442 szik “alkaline soil”
ŠL 692; Gost. 147, 662; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. sig
Mongolian szegü, szegö
443 szikkadni “to dry out”
Gost. 662; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sig
Mongolian csikhi-
444 szilaj “impetuous”
Gost. 725; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. sila
Mongolian sili
445 szín “stage”
ŠL 112; Gost. 378; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. si-sa
Mongolian sin-
446 szív “heart”, szívni “to suck”
ŠL 71; 384; MSL III 134; Gost. 51, 209; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. šir, sir, šag, šab
Mongolian sime
447 szó “word”
ŠL 82/3; 6; Gost. 311, 312; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 48
Sum. sa4, zu
Mongolian czó
448 szobor “statue”, szobrász “sculptor”
Gost. 635; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. zabar
Mongolian szobor-
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449 szokni “to get used to s.th.”
ŠL 172; ŠL 7, 2, 3, 17; Gost. 310, 461; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. zah, su
Mongolian dzokhi-
450 szorítani “to press”, szorulni “to jam; to need s.th.”
ŠL 101, 2, 3, 7; Gost. 307; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. sur
Mongolian töri-, töri-t-
451 szökni “to flee, to escape”
ŠL 589; 124; Gost. 309, 407; Szentkatolnai, p. 48
Sum. záh, zig-zig
Mongolian szekh-
452 sz r “hair”
ŠL 53; Gost. 232, 760; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 48
Sum. su6, šah
Mongolian szür, szur-
453 szörny “monster”
ŠL 11; Gost. 741; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. ušum(-gal/-bašmu)
Mongolian szür
454 szú “woodworm”
ŠL 15/13, 50; Gost. 235, 748; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. zu, sur
Mongolian czu-, czú- (?)
455 szúrni “to sting, to stab”
ŠL 101; 491; 57; 405/3, 4; Gost. 307, 368, 498, 748; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. sur, zar, esir
Mongolian czu-, czú-
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456 sz k “narrow, scanty, small”, sz kös “narrow, scanty, small”
ŠL 692; Gost. 147; Szentkatolnai, p. 47
Sum. sig
Mongolian csikhi-
457 szülni “to give birth”, születni “to be born”
ŠL 554; ŠL 7, 2, 3, 17; Gost. 444, 461; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. sal, sal-la, su
Mongolian sü-, siü-
458 sz rni “to strain”
ŠL 101, 2, 4, 7; Gost. 307; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. sur
Mongolian sü-, siü-
459 sz z “virgin”
ŠL 331/14,b; Gost. 443
Sum. šis, geme-šiš
460 tag “limb, member”
ŠL 280; Gost. 454; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. dag
Mongolian tüge-, togha-, Tatarian tag
461 tág “wide, broad”, tágas “broad, roomy”
ŠL 237; 280; Gost. 172, 454; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. dagal, dag
Mongolian aghoi
462 tagolni “to analyse”, tagló “butcher’s axe”
ŠL 126; Gost. 293; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. tag
Mongolian tüge-, togha-
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463 takarni “to cover”, takaró “cover, blanket”
ŠL 574; 24; 11/2, 7; 536; MSL III 5, 156; Gost. 296, 287, 495, 524; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. tug, ara9, bur
Mongolian to-ghor-, ta-ghor-
464 tál “dish”
ŠL 86/56; Gost. 96; Szentkatolnai, p. xiii
Sum. dug-dal
Mongolian toli
465 táltos “shaman, sorcerer”
ŠL 383/3; Gost. 109; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. tal, tala
Mongolian dal-do
466 támasztani “to lean s.th. against; to cause; to demand”, támaszték “retaining beam”
ŠL 557; 94/13; 207; Gost. 440, 564, 566; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. dam, dim, tum
Mongolian dem-, dam-
467 tapadni “to adhere, to stick”, tapasztani “to glue, to paste”
ŠL 124/4; Gost. 391; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. tab
Mongolian dab-, sab-
468 tapodni “to step, to stamp”
ŠL 206; Gost. 256; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. du
Mongolian tap-
469 tárgy “thing, object”
ŠL 280; Gost. 454; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. dag
Mongolian dürszö
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470 tarka “colorful”
ŠL 114; Gost. 178; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. dar
Mongolian tar-, tara-, tari-
471 tárni “to open wide”
ŠL 383; Gost. 410; Szentkatolnai, p. 50
Sum. tal(-tal)
Mongolian tara-
472 tej “milk”
ŠL 319; Gost. 702; Szentkatolnai, p. 51
Sum. ga
Mongolian szá-
473 teke “cone”
ŠL 536/27; Gost. 594; Szentkatolnai, p. 51
Sum. giš-lukul
Mongolian tögö, tege
474 tekn , old degen “trough”
ŠL 416/6; MSL III 165; Gost. 601; Szentkatolnai, p. 51
Sum. gakkul
Mongolian töngkhi-
475 tél (telet) “winter”
ŠL 73; MSL III 75/9; Gost. 71; Szentkatolnai, p. 51
Sum. tíl-la
Mongolian eb-ül, üb-ül, üv-ül (Manchu tuv- (?))
476 telen, talan (privative suffix)
Gost. 889; Szentkatolnai, p. 49
Sum. nig-nu-til-li-da
Mongolian tala-
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477 temetni “to bury”, temet “cemetery”
ŠL 376; 206; Gost. 7, 266, 409; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. temen, túm, ki-túm
Mongolian tem-te
478 tengely “axis”
MSL III 141; Gost. 565; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. dim-gal
Mongolian ten-ggelik, ten-gel-ge
479 tengeni, teng dni “to get by miserably, to vegetate”
ŠL 465; Gost. 70; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. tin
Mongolian teng-
480 tenger “sea”
ŠL 484; Gost. 39; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 52
Sum. en-gur
Mongolian tengisz
481 tenni, tesz, tev- “to make, to do”
ŠL 376; Gost. 348; Szentkatolnai, pp. 52s.
Sum. te
Mongolian té-
482 tenyér “palm”
ŠL 126; Gost. 215; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. tibir
Mongolian teniger
483 tér (teret) “space”, terület “area”, teríteni “to spread out, to cover”, terülni “to extend, to stretch”,
téríteni “to lead, to guide”
ŠL 375/6; 536/14; Gost. 50, 466; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. giš-tir, dur, durun
Mongolian tér-, tére-
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484 térd, térgy “knee”
ŠL 396; Gost. 233; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. dug
Mongolian toi-k
485 térni “to return”
ŠL 58; 536/14; Gost. 298, 466; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. kur9, dur, durun
Mongolian tér-, tére-
486 test “body”
ŠL 575; Gost. 253; Szentkatolnai, p. 52
Sum. teš-ti
Mongolian tapcsi
487 testvér “brother, sister”
ŠL 331; 74; Gost. 207, 458; Szentkatolnai, pp. 52, 58
Sum. šes
Mongolian tapcsi, ür(i)
488 tiszt “officer”, tiszta “clean, neat”
LM 480; Gost. 23; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. d-DIŠ
Mongolian tüsi-
489 tó (tavat) “lake”
ŠL 511; Gost. 87; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. túl
Mongolian ta-
490 tok “etui, case”
ŠL 309; Gost. 539; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. dug
Mongolian duk-, dukh-, tak-
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491 tól, t l (ablative suffix)
Gost. 856; Szentkatolnai, p. 54
Sum. ta
Mongolian –do, -dö-, -to, -tö
492 tolni “to push”
Gost. 856; Szentkatolnai, p. 53
Sum. ta
Mongolian tül-
493 t (tövet) “trunk”
MSL III 104ss.; 73; ŠL 124/4; 376; Gost. 72, 222, 391, 445, 821; Szentkatolnai, p. 54
Sum. ti, tab, tu, tud, le
Mongolian dö, tö
494 több “more”
ŠL 124/4; Gost. 391; Szentkatolnai, pp. 10, 54
Sum. tab
Mongolian daba-
495 t gy “udder”
Gost. 445; Szentkatolnai, p. 54
Sum. tu, tud
Mongolian deleng
496 tömni “to stuff”, tömb “block”, töml “tube”, tömlöc “dungeon”, tömör “soild, compact”
ŠL 376; 400/2, 3; 206; 207; Gost. 7, 228, 266, 566; Szentkatolnai, pp. 7, 54
Sum. temen, duburm túm, tum
Mongolian tama-
497 t r “dagger”
ŠL 10; MSL III 163; Gost. 624; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 54
Sum. gir
Mongolian tór
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498 törni “to break”, tör dik “to struggle with s.th.”, törvény “law”
ŠL 79; MSL III 101/65; IV 125ss.; ŠL 12; Gost. 59, 268; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 54s.
Sum. nam(tar), tar
Mongolian tör-
499 törölni “to wipe off”
ŠL 12; Gost. 268; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. tar
Mongolian tór-, túr- (?)
500 törzs “trunk”
ŠL 536/14; Gost. 426, 467; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. tuš
Mongolian dargi
501 tövis “thorn, spine”
ŠL 73; Gost. 222; Szentkatolnai, p. 54
Sum. ti
Mongolian tö- (?)
502 t zsde “stock exchange”
ŠL 536/14; Gost. 467; Szentkatolnai, p. 54
Sum. tuš
Mongolian tö- (?)
503 tudni “to know”, tudakozni “to inquire”, tudomány “science”
ŠL 16; 6; Gost. 3, 312, 453; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. tu6-dug4-ga, zu, tu6
Mongolian todo
504 túl “beyond”
Gost. 128; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. tu15, tu15-tab-ba
Mongolian tó-l, dú-l
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505 t “needle”
ŠL 73/47; 73; Gost. 73, 222, 680; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. ti bis, ti, attu
Mongolian dze-ü, dzü
506 tülök “horn (animal)”
ŠL 352; Gost. 587; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. tigi
Mongolian tughol
507 tündér “fairy”
ŠL 322/35d; Gost. 1, 19; Szentkatolnai, p. 55
Sum. dingir
Mongolian düng-, tung-
508 tüske “spine”
ŠL 73/47; 73; Gost. 73, 222, 681; Szentkatolnai, p. 54
Sum. ti bis, ti, ittitu (Akk.)
Mongolian tü- (?)
509 t z “fire”
ŠL 16; Gost. 453; Szentkatolnai, pp. 55s.
Sum. tu6
Mongolian tü-, tü-cz-
510 ty , tyú (instrumental formative)
ŠL 73; Gost. 222; Szentkatolnai, p. 20
Sum. ti
Mongolian -tai
511 úgy “so, like that”
ŠL 401; Gost. 826, 890; Szentkatolnai, p. 23
Sum. ur5, u
Mongolian ei-, i-
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512 ujj “sleeve”
ŠL 411; 371; LM 515; Gost. 216, 339, 845; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 56
Sum. u, bu, bu5
Mongolian üje
513 úr “sir, master”, uraság “landlord”, úriszék “patrimonial court”
ŠL 575/3; MSL III 132/6; ŠL 575/2, 3; Gost. 481, 699, 734; Szentkatolnai, p. 14, 37
Sum. ur, ur-saĝ, u bis, ur
Mongolian or-
514 út “street”
ŠL 579; Gost. 54, 278; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. id, u5
Mongolian ukto-
515 után “after”
ŠL 381; Gost. 42; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. ud, ud-(d)a
Mongolian ot-, uto, utu
516 üdv “well-being, salvation”, üdvös “useful, salutary”, üdvözölni “to welcome”
ŠL 381; 393; Gost. 43; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. utu
Mongolian üd
517 ügy “affair, matter”
ŠL 312; Gost. 483; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. ug, ung, uku
Mongolian ide
518 ük “Grand-grand-parent“
ŠL 412/2, 3; MSL III 120, 374; 412; Gost. 211, 381; Szentkatolnai, pp. xii, 56
Sum. ugu, ugun
Mongolian ekhe, eke
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519 üldözni “to pursue”
ŠL 354; Gost. 371; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 56
Sum. ul7
Mongolian ül-de-
520 ülni “to sit”
ŠL 203/3; MSL V 274; Gost. 245, 471; Szentkatolnai, p. xiv
Sum. ur, ur x
Mongolian ülde- “to stay (= maradni)”
521
r “emptiness”, üreg “hollow”
MSL VI 59/99; ŠL 401; 209; MSL V 274; Gost. 197, 236, 247, 471; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. egir, ur5, ur x
Mongolian örü, örö
522 ürügy “pretext, excuse”
ŠL 38; Gost. 477; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. uru bis
Mongolian örü, örö, ide
523 ürülék “bowel movement, excrement”
ŠL 185; Gost. 237; Szentkatolnai, p. 56
Sum. ur7, ur6
Mongolian örü, örö
524 üszök, üszög “fire”
ŠL 518/28; Gost. 502, 881; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. u-zug, asag
Mongolian iszo
525 vá, vé (translative suffix)
Gost. 869; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. a, ä
Mongolian –a, -e, -ja, -je
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526 vad “wild”
ŠL 69; Gost. 362; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. bad
Mongolian ot-
527 vágni “to cut”, vagdalni “to hash”
ŠL 97; MSL III 291; Gost. 304; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiv, 57
Sum. ag
Mongolian ok-to-, ok-to-l-
528 vágy “longing, yearning”, vágyódni “to long for, to yearn for”
LM 455; Gost. 134; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. u-ma
Mongolian bakh-a
529 vagyon “is”
Gost. 267; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. me
Mongolian bai-, bui-
530 vagyon “property”
ŠL 415/2, 5; Gost. 535; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. udun
Monglian bai-, bui- (?)
531 vájni “to hollow out”
ŠL 316; 317-2, 6; 9; Gost. 32, 289; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. alál, bal bis
Mongolian maj-
532 val, vel (comitative suffix)
ŠL 9; MSL III 79/1; Gost. 288; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. bal
Mongolian ali (?)
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533 váll “shoulder”
MSL III 79/12; Gost. 250; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 57
Sum. ba-al
Mongolian buol-ak
534 vallani “to express, to confess”
ŠL 9; MSL III 79/1; 69; Gost. 288, 362, 893; Szentkatolnai, pp. xiii, 57
Sum. bal, bad, bal11
Mongolian buol- (?)
535 válni “to become; to divorce”, váltani “to change (money), to exhange”, változni “to change o.s.,
to change”
ŠL 9; MSL III 79/1; Gost. 288; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. bal
Mongolian ula-
536 vályú “trough”
ŠL 316; 317-2, 6; Gost. 32; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. alál
Mongolian maj- (?)
537 van “is”
Gost. 267; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. me
Mongolian bai-, bui-
538 varjú “crow”
ŠL 79/4x, 79a/2, 8, 9/37; Gost. 765; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 58
Sum. buru4
Mongolian kheri-je
539 várni “to wait”
ŠL 56; Gost. 396; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. úru
Mongolian bara-
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540 vér “blood”
ŠL 74/58; 74/105; Gost. 205a; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. bar
Mongolian üri-
541 verni “to hit, to beat”
ŠL 400/5, 6; Gost. 487; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. bir, ber
Mongolian eere-
542 vessz “switch, twig”
MSL IV 150; Gost. 627; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. giš-pa
Mongolian müszö, mücsi, bücsi-
543 vétek “sin, fault”, vétkezni “to sin”
ŠL 69; Gost. 362; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. bad
Mongolian ata-
544 vezér “leader”, vezetni “to lead”
ŠL 314, 50; Gost. 689; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. mez
Mongolian üde-
545 világ “world”, világos “light”, villám “lightning”, villanni “to flash, to sparkle”, villogni “to flash,
to sparkle”
ŠL 172; Gost. 350, 451; Szentkatolnai, p. 58
Sum. bil
Mongolian ölkh-
546 virág “flower”
ŠL 483; Gost. 799; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 58
Sum. girag
Mongolian iragho
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547 vissza “back”
ŠL 211; Gost. 827; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. uš-sa
Mongolian bucza-
548 víz “water”
ŠL 579; Gost. 54, 657; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 59
Sum. íd, biz, bis
Mongolian uszo
549 vol-, val- “to be”
ŠL 80; MSL III 176; Gost. 332; Szentkatolnai, p. 57
Sum. gal
Mongolian bol-
550 zaj “noise”
ŠL 569/3, 8a; Gost. 193, 324; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. za-pa-ag, suh
Mongolian dzai- (?)
551 zakatolni “to make a racket, to rattle”
ŠL 569/3, 8a; Gost. 193, 324; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. za-pa-ag, suh
Mongolian szok-, dzogh-, dzog- (?)
552 zárni “to close”, zár “lock”
ŠL 151; 401/53, 54, 229; Gost. 509, 558; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. šar3, saru, ur5
Mongolian czaa-r, czao-r, szao-r
553 zavarni “to disturb”
ŠL 569/3, 8a; Gost. 193, 324; Gost. 193, 324; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. za-pa-ag, suh
Mongolian czaa-r, czao-r, szao-r
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554 zeke “jacket”
Gost. 677; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. siki
Mongolian dakha
555 zokon “lamentation”
ŠL 84; 569/3, 8a; Gost. 321, 324; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. zig, suh
Mongolian szok-, dzogh-, dzog-
556 zöld, z d “green”
MSL III 127, 362; Gost. 176; Szentkatolnai, pp. xv, 59
Sum. sig7
Mongolian dzül-ge
557 zörögni “to rattle, to rumble”
Gost. 193; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. za-pa-ag
Mongolian czaa-r, czao-r, szao-r
558 zug “angle”
ŠL 332/19; Gost. 81; Szentkatolnai, p. 59
Sum. zag
Mongolian dzük
559 zsarolni “to blackmail”
ŠL 151; Gost. 509; Szentkatolnai, p. 60
Sum. šar3, saru
Mongolian daro-
Mongolian thus shares 559 of 1042 words of the basic word list taken from Gostony (1975) with
Sumerian-Hungarian, i.e. 54%. In the hierarchy published f. ex. in EDH-4, Mongolian stands therefore
between Turkish with 55% and Tibeto-Burman with ca. 50%. But the effective percentage of
Sumerian-Hungarian-Mongolian cognates is even higher, as we will see in the next chapter.
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3. Sumerian, Hungarian and Avaric
Although we have ca. 2’000 Avaric archeological sites and 50’000 graves (Pohl 1988, p. 13), we only
have 13 Avaric names and 1 appellative (Moravcsik 1983, pp. 359, 363).
The following map is showing the Avar Khaganate, ca. 650 AD (copyright: Wikipedia):
The question, to which language Avaric belonged, stayed thus controversial: Menges (1973, 1986)
and Futaky (2001) are sure that they were Mongolians, while f. ex. Gombocz, Németh and Moravcsik
himself claimed that they were Turks (Pohl 1988, p. 223). Now, Futaky proved that the following 41
Hungarian words came via the Avars from the Mongolians and the Manchu: beze/bezzeg, bízni,
deber/deberke, diadalom, gangos, gárgyulni, genge/ gyenge, kebel, üldeni/üldözni, üstök (directly from
Monglian); beteg, bukni, csatak, csupa, dédelni/dédelgetni, egerni/egercsélni, eszten(nap), gór,
gyep/gyep , hajdan, hamar, íj, isa, ítélni, kalán/kanál, koszorú, legelni, mancs, metni/metszeni/metélni,
mind(en), nyáj, oldal, távészni, tékozni, tor/torolni/torló, zsombék (directly from Mandschu);
elég/elegend, gyere, ördög, telek (both from Mongolian and Manchu). The 4 words dalin/dalm,
gyámolni, selyem and tung came from Chinese via Monglian and/or Mandchu mediation (the Silk Road
went, as every Hungarian knows, through Hungary). Moreover, Futaky presents 2 place names and
suspects many more of Avaric origin, basically in Western Hungary where he thinks that the Avars
survived until the 9
th
century, thus proving an Avaric-Hungarian continuity in the Carpathian basin
(2001, pp. 133ss.). Together with these 45 words – a few of them are part of Gostony’s 1042 words-list
(cf. chapter 5 in EDH-1) -, Mongolian ranks even higher than Turkish in the hierarchy of Sumerian-
Hungarian genetical relationship. This is another hint for Sumerian-Hungarian-Avaric continuity.
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4. Conclusions
We know from von Torma (1894), Bobula (1951), Vlassa (1963), Badiny (2001) and Tóth (2007a)
that the Sumerians originated in Transylvania before they migrated to Mesopotamia, from where they
spread out and a part of them went back in the Carpathian basin. The Sumerian-Hungarian genetical-
linguistic relationship was proved in a long series of books and articles, last in EDH (Tóth 2007). The
Huns were already considered to be Mongolians by Deguignes, Pallas and Bergmann (cf. Doerfer 1973,
p. 13). The genial German orientalist Julius von Klaproth (Berlin 1783-Paris 1835) identified them
directly with the Hungarians (Klaproth 1831), cf. also Moravcsik (1983, pp. 231ss.). Moreover, the
Avars as well as the Scythians were already identified with the Huns by Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos
in the 10
th
century, who also first mentioned the Magyars as “sabartoi asphaloi”, showing thus the
genetical relationships of the Hungarians and the Mesopotamian Subaraens (Moravcsik 1983, pp. 53,
279). The Medes were stated as Scythians by the famous orientalist Friedrich Wilhelm König who
showed also that they originated in the Zagros mountains in Mesopotamia (König 1934). Finally, that
the Parthians were a Scythian people, is accepted by everybody today, cf. Colledge (1967) and was
shown on Sumerian background by Badiny (1998, 1999).
From all these identifications it follows together with our proof presented here in EDH-5
that there is a genetical linguistic relationships of Sumerians, Huns, Avars, Scythians, Medes,
Parthians and probably more people and a geographical continuity of Sumerians, Huns,
Scythians and Avars in the Carpathian basin.
Of course, to such a conclusion one cannot come if one excludes possible other than “Altaic”
language connections of Mongolian, Avaric and Hunnic and then wonders that one gets “unknown
etymologies”. Typical of this kind of linguistic under-determination is Doerfer’s remark: “Offenbar sind
also die hunnischen Namen nicht eindeutig als türkisch zu erklären, besser: Sie sind überhaupt nicht zu
erklären, sie gehören einer unbekannten Sprache an” (Obviously, the Hunnic names thus cannot be
explained by Turkish, or better: One cannot explain them at all, they belong to an unknown language).
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5. Bibliography
Badiny, Jós Ferenc, Jézus király – a Pártus herceg. Budapest 1998
Badiny, Jós Ferenc, A Káld-Pártus hagyomány és a magyarok Jézus-vallása. Budapest 1999
Badiny, Jós Ferenc, Igaz történelmük vezérfonala Árpádig. Budapest 2001
Bobula, Ida, Sumerian Affiliations. Washington D.C. 1951
Bobula, Ida, Origin of the Hungarian Nation. Gainesville, FL 1966
Colledge, Malcolm A. R., The Parthians. London 1967
Doerfer, Gerhard, Zur Sprache der Hunnen. In: Central Asiatic Journal 17, 1973, pp. 1-50
Futaky, István, Nyelvtörténeti vizsgálatok a Kárpát-medencei avar-magyar kapcsolatok kérdéséhez.
Budapest 2001
Gostony, Colman-Gabriel, Dictionnaire d’étymologie sumérienne. Paris 1975
König, Friedrich Wilhelm, Älteste Geschichte der Meder und Perser. In: Der Alte Orient 33/3-4 (1934)
Menges, Karl H., Altaic people, in: Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 5, New York 1973, pp. 908-912
Menges, Karl H., Review of: Golden, Peter B., Khazar Studies. Budapest 1980. In: Central Asiatic
Journal 30, 1986, pp. 56-57
Moravcsik, Gyula, Byzantinoturcica. Vol. II. Leiden 1983
Pohl, Walter, Die Awaren: Ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567-822 n. Chr. München 1988
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Hungarorum. Vienna 1774
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A
LFRÉD
T
ÓTH
: SUMERIAN, HUNGARIAN AND MONGOLIAN (INCLUDING AVARIC)
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© Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007
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A
BOUT THE AUTHOR
A
LFRÉD
T
ÓTH
was born in 1965 in St. Gallen (Switzerland), his native tongue
is Hungarian. Received two PhD's (1989 Mathematics, University of Zurich;
1992 Philosophy, University of Stuttgart) and an MA (General and
Comparative Linguistics, Finno-Ugristics and Romanistics, University of
Zurich 1991). Mr. Tóth is since 2001 Professor of Mathematics (Algebraic
Topology) in Tucson, Arizona. He is member of many mathematical, semiotic,
cybernetic and linguistic societies and scientific board member of eight
international journals. Lives in Tucson and Szombathely where his family
comes from.